November 28
Wow, it feels like forever since I posted on the blog. Can you believe next week is it? This semester just flew bye. Here are the important topics we discussed in Chapters 5 and 13,
Observed measurement is comprised of true scores and error scores
Error scores are comprised of random error and measurement error
Internal v. External validity
Measurement reliability
Multiple administrations (test-retest)
Internal consistency (Split-half/ intercoder reliability)
Measurement validity
Content validity (Face, criterion, predictive, and construct)
Manipulation checks
Controlling the environment (History, sleeper, snsitization)
Hawthorne effect
Selection (self-selection bias, regression effect, ceiling and floor effects)
Mortality (maturation v. intersubject bias)
Evaluation apprehension / social desirability bias
Researcher personal attribute effect
Researcher unintentional expectancy effect
Researcher observational bias (observer drift, observer bias, halo effect)
Sampling (simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster)
(convenience, volunteer, purposive, quota, network)
Ecological validity
Chi Square
One-way v. two-way
(Expected values)
T-test
Independent samples v. Paired samples
Question for thought:
In lecture, we discussed Environmental influences (History, sleeper, and sensitization). For posting, select one of these and give an example. For example, in graduate school I have experienced many all-nighters (studying all night without sleep). This lack of sleep should make the individual tired, slow, and cranky. However, many individuals (including myself) at 7am are wired and extremely energetic. This would appear that lack of sleep increases energy. This is actually a sleeper effect. Although at 7am the individual may be bouncing off the walls, by 2pm they crash. The lack of sleep catches up with them and they later show the true effects of no sleep.
Talk about coincidence, use an example of sleep to illustrate a sleeper effect. :)
posted by Dr. Jeffrey Bolt at 11:57 AM
13 Comments:
Ok...this may be a long and scary shot...but it definately holds truth ;)
An example of sleeper effect. When girls go to college they are told they typically become more sexually experimental and will gain fifteen pounds their freshmen year. After one month at school, girls do not feel this is true because they are still with their highschool sweethearts at other schools and have yet to become bored and challenged by the distance. They have been to a couple parties, had a couple beers and called it a night. They do not feel this generalization holds truth.
Upon completing their freshmen year they lose their virginity, have experienced new...(you know)and gained fifteen pounds in beer weight.
Time was just needed to see the effects :) ha! Merry Christmas!
Allison Cappel
In environmental influences, a good example of sensitization would be let's say you're studying how someones mood after watching either a scarey movie or a sad movie will affect thier test scores. Within your participants, there is one who just a lost a significan other and obiviously there mind is elsewhere while taking the test. The researcher will look at as if the movie affected them emotionally, but as you can see that wasn't the case.
Nathan LaRiccia
An example of a sleeper effect could be in reference to a credit card. When first given the credit card, people are able to go buy and spend money that may not at the time be readily available to them. Therefore, people do not understand the effects the card might put on their bank account. However, after time, when the bill arrives, people begin to realize how much money they owe and how the card has affected their spending techniques.
-Jess Jerew-
An example of a sleeper effect would be the great Barry Bonds, we all know that he did Illegal drugs (Steriods, HGH) and we saw that he got bigger, but the sleeper effect that will occur with Barry is his health later on in life. Example Liver disease, heart failure, kidneys will shut down, and more than likely will develop some sort of cancer this will be the life of Barry Bonds in 10 years.
Ryan Repka
An example of the sleeper effect can be seen in divorce cases. If parents get a divorce when the child/children are young, chances are the divorce won't affect the child/children right away because they won't fully understand what divorce means. Years later when the child/children grow up, they will learn what divorce means and notice their parents are no longer together. This can cause potential anger or sadness that wasn't seen in the child/children before.
Lauren Carll
An example of sleeper effect could be exercise. If you start working out daily you are not going to see results the first day. It may take weeks or even months to see noticeable results from working out.
Sean McCafferty
An example of history skewing test research results: A professor asks his students to fill out a questionnaire about how they think the class is going and what things could he could change to make the class go more smoothly. A student who might normally answer negatively answers positively because they are excited by the prospect of going out with friends later and are in an overall good mood. This could give the professor inaccurate information about the student's opionion.
Maria Schwabland
An example of a sleeper effect could be cigarette smoking and addiction. Children who smoke one cigarette at an early are, even if they spend many years not smoking, could be likely to take up smoking later on in life and become addicted.
- Melissa Capo
An example of the sleeper effect would be children and the amount of junk food/fast food and lack of exercise they eat and experience daily. Parents are busy with their lives so they feed their kids fast food because it is quick and easy. They may think that they will exercise it off but instead they sit their children in front of t.v. so they can do what they need to do. It may not appear that their children are heavy or gaining weight right away or even in the first couple weeks, but slowly over time with eating junk food and fast food and excessive t.v. viewing, they will see the effects. Their children will gain weight and be heavier and also lazier.
-Jenn McMath
History- refers to people's environments extermal to a study that influence their behavior.
Recently I have been debating quitting my job at my current place of employment. My job had been very stressful during midterms, especially because of another teacher. But, recently I have been really enjoying myself at work, and the people I work with. Within the past few weeks, I had discovered that the teacher I work directly with has been having problems with the same teacher that I had been having problems with. So, lately, I have been feelilng better about my position at work, and more comfortable with my co-workers. Therefore, my feelings about my direct class room, had nothing to do with my students, or the teacher I work with on a regular basis. The teacher in another room had been completely influencing my behavior.
These aspects would be something to consider within a study, when considering history.
The last history one was done by me, Nichole Justus...sorry!
An example of a sleeper effect could be in reference to the experimentation of drugs that a person may do. At first the person may try the drug and enjoy it. After a few more times of doing the drug a person may become addicted to it and it will eventually lead to serious problems as the person grows older.
Ashley Cox
My example of a sleep effect is college students who wait so long to do their assignments. At the time they procrastinate and think they have done a great job but once they get the assignment back with a "F" on it, they then realize that if they started the assignment earlier, they could have gotten a better grade.
-Shana DiTosto
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